Ecological Management of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration: The Tragedy of Commons and System Solution

The continuous integration development trend of China urban agglomerations will not only further promote economic development but also cause the loss of the natural buffer zone which could protect the regional environment, leading to the combined effects of environmental pollution. Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons”, “Prisoner’s Dilemma”, Olson’s “Logic of Collective Action”, and other theoretical models demonstrated the tragedy result of ineffective governance of regional ecology. Clear property rights, centralized governance, social autonomy, and competitive-collaborative model based on comparative advantage of the organization are four kinds of “system solution” for regional ecological management, providing scientific management tool for urban agglomeration management in different regional contexts.